Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety. These symptoms can interfere with daily activities, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Common Symptoms of OCD

OCD symptoms vary among individuals, but they generally fall into two categories: Obsessions and Compulsions.

Obsessions (Intrusive Thoughts)

  • Fear of contamination (e.g., germs, dirt)

  • Unwanted aggressive or harmful thoughts

  • Preoccupation with order, symmetry, or perfection

  • Distressing religious or moral doubts

  • Fear of harming oneself or others

Compulsions (Repetitive Behaviors)

  • Excessive handwashing or cleaning

  • Repeatedly checking locks, appliances, or personal items

  • Counting, tapping, or repeating words to prevent harm

  • Arranging objects in a precise way

  • Seeking reassurance from others

Causes and Risk Factors

OCD is believed to result from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors:

  • Genetics – Family history increases the likelihood of developing OCD.

  • Brain Chemistry & Function – Differences in serotonin levels and brain structure play a role.

  • Stress & Trauma – Stressful life events may trigger or worsen symptoms.

  • Personality Traits – Individuals with high levels of perfectionism or anxiety may be more susceptible.

Diagnosis & Treatment

A mental health professional diagnoses OCD through clinical evaluations, symptom assessments, and standardized psychological questionnaires.

Treatment Options

1. Therapy

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), which helps individuals face fears and resist compulsions.

  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) – Teaches coping strategies for intrusive thoughts.

2. Medication

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline.

  • Antipsychotic medications may be used in treatment-resistant cases.

3. Lifestyle & Self-Management Strategies

  • Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques.

  • Establishing a structured routine.

  • Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet.

  • Avoiding excessive caffeine and alcohol consumption.

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